Thymeleaf - Text display, Iteration and Conditionals

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Thymeleaf - Text display, Iteration and Conditionals

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Thymeleaf is a server-side Java template engine for both web and standalone environments. It is a better alternative to JavaServer Pages (JSP). Spring MVC and Thymeleaf compliment each other if chosen for web application development. In this article, we will discuss how to use Thymeleaf.

First, to use Thymeleaf, we need to declare its XML namespace in the html tag, as follows:

<html xmlns:th=”http://www.thymeleaf.org”>

1. Text display

When using Thymeleaf, we can display text in many ways. We will discuss all possible cases. To display text, we need to use th:text attribute.

Displaying static text

A text literal can be accessed by using ‘<string>’ as value of th:text attribute, where <string> indicates the text we want to display. Note: Text literal should be enclosed between single quotes. This, in turn, is placed between double quotes to form the value of th:text attribute.


<li th:text=”’Static Text’”></li>

During run-time, this will be interpreted as:

<li>Static Text</li>

Display text or content from a model / controller

If we want to display dynamic content then the content can be passed as model attribute.

  @Controller
  public class HomeController {

     @GetMapping(“/”)
     public String home(Model model) {
           model.addAttribute(“description”, “Dynamic Text From Controller”);
           return “home”;
    }
  }

A model attribute can be accessed by using ${<model-name>} as value of th:text attribute, where <model-name> indicates the name of the model attribute.

<li th:text=”${description}”></li>

During run-time, this will be interpreted as:

<li> Dynamic Text From Controller </li>

Displaying text from message properties file

Another scenario is to access text from message resource. Few content which require localization will be put in message resources so that localized strings can be easily displayed. Consider we have following content in the message resource file:

menu-id-about-us=About Us
menu-id-contact-us=Contact Us

A message can be accessed by using #{<message-id>} as value of th:text attribute, where <message-id> indicates the key.

<li th:text=”#{menu-id-contact-us}”></li>

During run-time, this will be interpreted as:

<li> Contact Us</li>

2. Iteration

To iterate over a list, we can use th:each, as shown below. Let’s say we have a list called suits (card game). If we want to render a list-item for each element of suits, then th:each will iterate and render the content.

<li th:text=”${suit}” th:each=”suit: ${suits}”></li>

Here, th:each causes suit variable to have current element value for each iteration, and th:text causes that value to be displayed as list element text.

Diamond
Club
Heart
Spade

3. Conditionals

We can make a html tag to conditionally render by using th:if attribute, as shown below:

<p th:text="'2 is greater than 1'" th:if="2 > 1"></p>

This Thymeleaf snippet causes rendering of Text “2 is greater than 1” if the condition in value of th:if is true (which is yes in this case). The text will not be rendered if the condition is false.

Integrate Thymeleaf with Spring

Install Spring Tool Suite

Download Spring Tool Suite and expand the zip file in desired location.

Create the project

Open Spring Tool Suite (i.e., SpringToolSuite4.exe under installed location)
From menu, File > New > Spring Starter Project
In New Spring Starter Project wizard:
1. In Name field, provide a name. (e.g., TextDemo)
2. Provide values for Group and Artifact (e.g., org.example for Group, text-demo for Artifact)
3. Provide value for Package field, (e.g., example.text_demo)
4. Click Next
In resulting ‘New Spring Starter Project Dependencies’ page:
1. In Available: field, type Thymeleaf
2. The list below that will now show Thymeleaf as an entry. Select the checkbox for that entry
Click Finish. Thymeleaf-based web application project will be created

Create a Controller

In Package Explorer view, expand the tree to select package example.text_demo under src/main/java folder.
Right-click the package. In the resulting pop-up menu, select New > Class.
In the resulting ‘New Java Class’ wizard:
1. Provide value for Name field (e.g., HomeController).
2. Click Finish. Class HomeController will be created and opened in editor.
Replace the contents of the file with the following code

  package com.example.text_demo;

  import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
  import org.springframework.ui.Model;
  import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

   @Controller
   public class HomeController {
        
      @GetMapping("/")
      public String home(Model model) {
         model.addAttribute(“description”, “Dynamic Text From Controller”);
         List<String> suits = new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList("Diamond", "Club", "Heart", "Spade"));
         model.addAttribute("suits", suits);
         return "home";
      }
  }

Create a Thymeleaf template

In Package Explorer view, expand the tree to select folder templates under src/main/resources
Right-click on templates. In the pop-up menu, select New > File.
In resulting New File wizard:
1. Provide value for File name: field (e.g., html).
2. Click Finish. File html opens in editor.
Replace the contents of html with the following:

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
 <title>Thymeleaf Demo</title>
 </head>

 <body>
 <ol>
   <li>Default Text</li>   
   <li th:text="'Static Text'"></li>
   <li th:text="${description}"></li>
   <li th:text="#{menu-id-contact-us}"></li>
 </ol>
 
 <p>Suits:</p>
 <ul>
   <li th:text="${suit}" th:each="suit: ${suits}"></li>
 </ul>
 
 <p th:text="'2 is greater than 1'" th:if="2 > 1"></p>

</body>
</html>

Run the application

From Menu, select File > Save All.
In Package Explorer view, right click on project node (e.g., TextDemo).
In resulting pop-up menu, select Run As > Spring Boot App.
Console view shows logs and will state that Tomcat started on port 8080.
Now open a web browser and navigate to http://localhost:8080.

References

Thymeleaf website

Spring Tool Suite

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